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unf-10q_20200229.htm

United States

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended February 29, 2020


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-08504

UNIFIRST CORPORATION

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Massachusetts	04-2103460
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

68 Jonspin Road, Wilmington, MA	01887
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

(978) 658-8888

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.10 par value per share	UNF	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☐

Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

The number of outstanding shares of UniFirst Corporation Common Stock and Class B Common Stock at April 3, 2020 were 15,247,440 and 3,643,009, respectively.

UniFirst Corporation

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

For the Quarter ended February 29, 2020

Table of Contents

Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3

Item 1 – Unaudited Financial Statements	3

Consolidated Statements of Income for the Thirteen and Twenty-six Weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019	3

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Thirteen and Twenty-six Weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019	4

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 29, 2020 and August 31, 2019	5

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Thirteen and Twenty-six Weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019	6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Twenty-six Weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019	8

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	9

Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23

Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	34

Item 4 – Controls and Procedures	35

Part II – OTHER INFORMATION	36

Item 1 – Legal Proceedings	36

Item 1A – Risk Factors	36

Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37

Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities	38

Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures	38

Item 5 – Other Information	38

Item 6 – Exhibits	39

Signatures	40

Certifications
Ex-31.1 Section 302 Certification of CEO
Ex-31.2 Section 302 Certification of CFO
Ex-32.1 Section 906 Certification of CEO
Ex-32.2 Section 906 Certification of CFO

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Statements of Income

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

(Unaudited)

	Thirteen weeks ended						Twenty-six weeks ended
(In thousands, except per share data)	February 29, 2020			February 23, 2019			February 29, 2020			February 23, 2019
Revenues	$	464,600		$	437,485		$	929,998		$	876,035
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues (1)		301,422			281,672			590,738			558,721
Selling and administrative expenses (1)		93,080			68,321			183,608			154,280
Depreciation and amortization		25,971			25,046			51,430			50,162
Total operating expenses		420,473			375,039			825,776			763,163

Operating income		44,127			62,446			104,222			112,872
Other (income) expense:
Interest income, net		(2,175	)		(2,009	)		(4,536	)		(3,714	)
Other expense, net		539			1,060			1,067			1,232
Total other income, net		(1,636	)		(949	)		(3,469	)		(2,482	)
								—			—
Income before income taxes		45,763			63,395			107,691			115,354
Provision for income taxes		11,083			15,789			24,769			29,428
Net income	$	34,680		$	47,606		$	82,922		$	85,926
Income per share – Basic:
Common Stock	$	1.90		$	2.59		$	4.55		$	4.67
Class B Common Stock	$	1.52		$	2.07		$	3.64		$	3.74
Income per share – Diluted:
Common Stock	$	1.82		$	2.48		$	4.34		$	4.46
Income allocated to – Basic:
Common Stock	$	29,129		$	39,923		$	69,654		$	72,061
Class B Common Stock	$	5,551		$	7,683		$	13,268		$	13,865
Income allocated to – Diluted:
Common Stock	$	34,680		$	47,606		$	82,922		$	85,926
Weighted average shares outstanding – Basic:
Common Stock		15,293			15,428			15,300			15,430
Class B Common Stock		3,643			3,710			3,643			3,710
Weighted average shares outstanding – Diluted:
Common Stock		19,105			19,232			19,114			19,258

(1)	Exclusive of depreciation on the Company’s property, plant and equipment and amortization on its intangible assets.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these

Consolidated Financial Statements.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

(Unaudited)

	Thirteen weeks ended						Twenty-six weeks ended
(In thousands)	February 29, 2020			February 23, 2019			February 29, 2020			February 23, 2019
Net income	$	34,680		$	47,606		$	82,922		$	85,926
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(769	)		1,418			220			(864	)
Pension benefit liabilities		350			—			350			—
Change in fair value of derivatives, net of income taxes		52			(39	)		77			93
Derivative financial instruments reclassified to earnings		(30	)		(32	)		(60	)		(76	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(397	)		1,347			587			(847	)
Comprehensive income	$	34,283		$	48,953		$	83,509		$	85,079

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these

Consolidated Financial Statements.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and par value data)	February 29, 2020			August 31, 2019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	395,323		$	385,341
Receivables, less reserves of $13,368 and $9,935		209,878			203,457
Inventories		94,875			100,916
Rental merchandise in service		179,291			184,318
Prepaid taxes		8,933			4,060
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		35,522			35,699
Total current assets		923,822			913,791

Property, plant and equipment, net		582,753			574,509
Goodwill		424,711			401,178
Customer contracts, net		63,217			56,588
Other intangible assets, net		25,138			16,132
Deferred income taxes		475			448
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		46,426			—
Other assets		86,320			84,674

Total assets	$	2,152,862		$	2,047,320

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	71,172		$	77,918
Accrued liabilities		117,968			111,721
Accrued taxes		—			205
Operating lease liabilities, current		12,255			—
Total current liabilities		201,395			189,844

Accrued liabilities		118,114			117,074
Accrued and deferred income taxes		99,439			99,172
Operating lease liabilities		32,476			—

Total liabilities		451,424			406,090
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock, $1.00 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding		—			—
Common Stock, $0.10 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized; 15,293,172 and 15,332,759 shares issued and outstanding as of February 29, 2020 and August 31, 2019, respectively		1,529			1,533
Class B Common Stock, $0.10 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 3,643,009 shares issued and outstanding as of February 29, 2020 and August 31, 2019, respectively		364			364
Capital surplus		84,577			84,946
Retained earnings		1,648,069			1,588,075
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(33,101	)		(33,688	)

Total shareholders’ equity		1,701,438			1,641,230

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,152,862		$	2,047,320

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these

Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

(In thousands)	Common Shares			Class B Common Shares		Common Stock			Class B Common Stock		Capital Surplus			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Equity
Balance, August 25, 2018		15,431			3,710	$	1,543		$	371	$	82,973		$	1,405,239		$	(25,159	)	$	1,464,967
Net income		—			—		—			—		—			38,320			—			38,320
Change in fair value of derivatives		—			—		—			—		—			—			88			88
Foreign currency translation		—			—		—			—		—			—			(2,282	)		(2,282	)
Dividends declared Common Stock ($0.1125 per share)		—			—		—			—		—			(1,736	)		—			(1,736	)
Dividends declared Class B Common Stock ($0.0900 per share)		—			—		—			—		—			(334	)		—			(334	)
Share-based compensation, net (2)		—			—		—			—		1,042			—			—			1,042
Share-based awards exercised, net (1)		2			—		—			—		—			—			—			—
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net		—			—		—			—		—			39,433			—			39,433
Balance, November 24, 2018		15,433			3,710		1,543			371		84,015			1,480,922			(27,353	)		1,539,498
Net income		—			—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	47,606		$	—		$	47,606
Change in fair value of derivatives		—			—		—			—		—			—			(71	)		(71	)
Foreign currency translation		—			—		—			—		—			—			1,418			1,418
Dividends declared Common Stock ($0.1125 per share)		—			—		—			—		—			(1,732	)		—			(1,732	)
Dividends declared Class B Common Stock ($0.0900 per share)		—			—		—			—		—			(334	)		—			(334	)
Share-based compensation, net (2)		—			—		—			—		659			—			—			659
Share-based awards exercised, net (1)		12			—		1			—		25			—			—			26
Repurchase of Common Stock		(45	)		—		(4	)		—		(245	)		(6,031	)		—			(6,280	)
Balance, February 23, 2019		15,400			3,710	$	1,540		$	371	$	84,454		$	1,520,431		$	(26,006	)	$	1,580,790

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Continued)

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

(In thousands)	Common Shares			Class B Common Shares		Common Stock			Class B Common Stock		Capital Surplus			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Equity
Balance, August 31, 2019		15,333			3,643	$	1,533		$	364	$	84,946		$	1,588,075		$	(33,688	)	$	1,641,230
Net income		—			—		—			—		—			48,242			—			48,242
Change in fair value of derivatives		—			—		—			—		—			—			(5	)		(5	)
Foreign currency translation		—			—		—			—		—			—			989			989
Dividends declared Common Stock ($0.25 per share)		—			—		—			—		—			(3,825	)		—			(3,825	)
Dividends declared Class B Common Stock ($0.20 per share)		—			—		—			—		—			(729	)		—			(729	)
Shares repurchased		(51	)				(5	)				(274	)		(9,694	)					(9,973	)
Share-based compensation, net (1)		—			—		—			—		1,575			—			—			1,575
Share-based awards exercised, net (2)		16			—		2			—		(1,498	)		—			—			(1,496	)
Balance, November 30, 2019		15,298			3,643		1,530			364		84,749			1,622,069			(32,704	)		1,676,008
Net income		—			—		—			—		—			34,680			—			34,680
Change in fair value of derivatives		—			—		—			—		—			—			22			22
Foreign currency translation		—			—		—			—		—			—			(769	)		(769	)
Pension benefit liabilities, net		—			—		—			—		—			—			350			350
Dividends declared Common Stock ($0.25 per share)		—			—		—			—		—			(3,835	)		—			(3,835	)
Dividends declared Class B Common Stock ($0.20 per share)		—			—		—			—		—			(729	)		—			(729	)
Shares repurchased		(21	)		—		(2	)		—		(112	)		(4,116	)					(4,230	)
Share-based compensation, net (1)		—			—		—			—		1,651			—			—			1,651
Share-based awards exercised, net (2)		16			—		1			—		(1,711	)		—			—			(1,710	)
Balance, February 29, 2020		15,293			3,643	$	1,529		$	364	$	84,577		$	1,648,069		$	(33,101	)	$	1,701,438

(1)

These amounts are shown net of any shares withheld by the Company to satisfy certain tax withholdings obligations in connection with the vesting of certain shares of restricted stock or restricted stock units.

(2)

These amounts are shown net of the effect of income taxes.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these

Consolidated Financial Statements.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

(Unaudited)

Twenty-six weeks ended (In thousands)	February 29, 2020			February 23, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	82,922		$	85,926
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		51,430			50,162
Amortization of deferred financing costs		56			56
Forgiveness of a liability		—			(7,346	)
Share-based compensation		3,227			2,796
Accretion on environmental contingencies		269			377
Accretion on asset retirement obligations		463			441
Deferred income taxes		727			364
Other		16			(811	)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Receivables, less reserves		(4,867	)		(2,502	)
Inventories		6,125			(5,589	)
Rental merchandise in service		6,839			(4,862	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets		2,170			(3,616	)
Accounts payable		(5,815	)		(5,268	)
Accrued liabilities		(1,752	)		(7,711	)
Prepaid and accrued income taxes		(4,941	)		26,243
Net cash provided by operating activities		136,869			128,660

Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired		(41,021	)		(67	)
Capital expenditures, including capitalization of software costs		(62,271	)		(52,152	)
Proceeds from sale of assets		236			178
Other		—			15
Net cash used in investing activities		(103,056	)		(52,026	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of share-based awards		75			27
Taxes withheld and paid related to net share settlement of equity awards		(3,281	)		(1,095	)
Repurchase of Common Stock		(14,203	)		(6,280	)
Payment of cash dividends		(6,609	)		(4,140	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(24,018	)		(11,488	)

Effect of exchange rate changes		187			(336	)

Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments		9,982			64,810
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments at beginning of period		385,341			270,512
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments at end of period	$	395,323		$	335,322

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Non-cash capital expenditures	$	9,004		$	10,141

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these

Consolidated Financial Statements.

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Basis of Presentation

These Consolidated Financial Statements of UniFirst Corporation (the “Company”) have been prepared, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations; however, the Company believes that the information furnished reflects all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of results for the interim period.

It is suggested that these Consolidated Financial Statements be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019. There have been no material changes in the accounting policies followed by the Company during the current fiscal year other than the adoption of recent accounting pronouncements discussed in Note 2. Results for an interim period are not indicative of any future interim periods or for an entire fiscal year.

2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued updated guidance which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). The new guidance requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. The Company adopted this standard on September 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective adoption method. The standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition and the Company has elected certain of these practical expedients upon adoption of this standard. Specifically, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the standard, which allows a lessee to carry forward its population of existing leases, the classification of each lease, as well as the treatment of initial direct lease costs as of the period of adoption. The Company also elected the practical expedient related to lease and non-lease components, as an accounting policy election which allows a lessee to not separate non-lease from lease components and instead account for consideration paid in a contract as a single lease component. In addition, the Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases with a term of 12 months or less, which means it will not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for these leases. The adoption of this standard resulted in the Company recognizing right-of-use assets, net of $48.7 million and corresponding lease liabilities of $46.2 million and reductions of prepaid expenses and other current assets of $1.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated statement of income or consolidated statement of cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance that introduces a new forward-looking approach, based on expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments including trade receivables. The estimate of expected credit losses will require entities to incorporate historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This guidance also expands the disclosure requirements to enable users of financial statements to understand the entity’s assumptions, models and methods for estimating expected credit losses. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and any interim periods within those annual periods, that begin after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. Accordingly, the guidance will be effective for the Company on August 30, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued updated guidance to modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. This guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods, and any interim periods within those annual periods, ending after December 15, 2020 and will be required to be applied on a retrospective basis with early adoption permitted. Accordingly, the standard will be effective for the Company on August 29, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance that addresses customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract and also adds certain disclosure requirements related to implementation costs incurred for internal-use software and cloud computing arrangements. This guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and any interim periods within those annual periods, that begin after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update can be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. Accordingly, the guidance will be effective for the Company on August 30, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

In December 2019, the FASB issued updated guidance to simplify accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions and improving the consistent application of and simplifying U.S. GAAP in other areas of this topic. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and any interim periods within those annual periods, that begin after December 15, 2020 with early adoption permitted. Accordingly, the guidance will be effective for the Company on August 29, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2020, the FASB issued optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

3. Revenue Recognition

The following table presents the Company’s revenues for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019, respectively, disaggregated by service type:

	Thirteen Weeks Ended										Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
	February 29, 2020					February 23, 2019					February 29, 2020					February 23, 2019
(In thousands, except percentages)	Revenues		% of Revenues			Revenues		% of Revenues			Revenues		% of Revenues			Revenues		% of Revenues
Core Laundry Operations	$	412,192		88.7	%	$	394,408		90.2	%	$	828,490		89.1	%	$	784,885		89.6	%
Specialty Garments		35,980		7.7	%		29,745		6.8	%		69,382		7.5	%		64,193		7.3	%
First Aid		16,428		3.5	%		13,332		3.0	%		32,126		3.5	%		26,957		3.0	%
Total Revenues	$	464,600		100.0	%	$	437,485		100.0	%	$	929,998		100.0	%	$	876,035		100.0	%

See Note 16 “Segment Reporting” for additional details of segment definitions.

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Revenue Recognition Policy

During the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019, approximately 90.2% and 91.0%, respectively, of the Company’s revenues were derived from fees for route servicing of Core Laundry Operations, Specialty Garments, and First Aid performed by the Company’s employees at the customer’s location of business. During the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019, approximately 90.9% and 91.0%, respectively, of the Company’s revenues were derived from fees for route servicing of Core Laundry Operations, Specialty Garments, and First Aid performed by the Company’s employees at the customer’s location of business. Revenues from the Company’s route servicing customer contracts represent a single performance obligation. The Company recognizes these revenues over time as services are performed based on the nature of services provided and contractual rates (input method). Certain of the Company’s customer contracts, primarily within the Company’s Core Laundry Operations, include pricing terms and conditions that include components of variable consideration. The variable consideration is typically in the form of consideration due to customer based performance metrics specified within the contract. Specifically, some contracts contain discounts or rebates that the customer can earn through the achievement of specified volume levels. Each component of variable consideration is earned based on the Company’s actual performance during the measurement period specified within the contract. To determine the transaction price, the Company estimates the variable consideration using the most likely amount method, based on the specific contract provisions and known performance results during the relevant measurement period. When determining if variable consideration should be constrained, the Company considers whether factors outside its control could result in a significant reversal of revenue. In making these assessments, the Company considers the likelihood and magnitude of a potential reversal. The Company’s performance period generally corresponds with the monthly invoice period. No significant constraints on the Company’s revenue recognition were applied during the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 or February 23, 2019. The Company reassesses these estimates during each reporting period. The Company maintains a liability for these discounts and rebates within accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Variable consideration also includes consideration paid to a customer at the beginning of a contract. The Company capitalizes this consideration and amortizes it over the life of the contract as a reduction to revenue in accordance with the updated accounting guidance for revenue recognition. These assets are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Costs to Obtain a Contract

The Company defers commission expenses paid to its employee-partners when the commissions are deemed to be incremental for obtaining the route servicing customer contract. The deferred commissions are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit. The Company reviews the deferred commission balances for impairment on an ongoing basis. Deferred commissions are classified as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize the expense. The current portion is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and the non-current portion is included in other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As of February 29, 2020, the current and non-current assets related to deferred commissions totaled $13.1 million and $54.3 million, respectively. As of August 31, 2019, the current and non-current assets related to deferred commissions totaled $12.4 million and $50.3 million, respectively. During the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019, the Company recorded $3.4 million and $2.9 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to deferred commissions. During the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019, the Company recorded $6.7 million and $5.7 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to deferred commissions. This expense is classified in selling and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income.

4. Acquisitions

During the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, the Company completed 8 business acquisitions with an aggregate purchase price of approximately $41.3 million, which includes $38.8 million related to the acquisition of a Missouri-based industrial laundry business (the “Missouri Acquisition”). The Company has allocated $4.4 million, $23.5 million and $10.9 million to tangible assets, goodwill and intangibles, respectively, in the preliminary purchase accounting for the Missouri Acquisition. The initial allocations of the purchase prices are incomplete with respect to certain assets acquired. The results of operations of these acquisitions have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial results since their respective acquisition dates. These acquisitions were not significant in relation to the Company’s consolidated financial results and, therefore, pro-forma financial information has not been presented.

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

5. Fair Value Measurements

The assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized in the tables below (in thousands):

	As of February 29, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	195,996	$	—	$	—	$	195,996
Pension plan assets		—		4,228		—		4,228
Foreign currency forward contracts		—		280		—		280
Total assets at fair value	$	195,996	$	4,508	$	—	$	200,504

	As of August 31, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	214,038	$	—	$	—	$	214,038
Pension plan assets		—		4,603		—		4,603
Foreign currency forward contracts		—		254		—		254
Total assets at fair value	$	214,038	$	4,857	$	—	$	218,895

The Company’s cash equivalents listed above represent money market securities and are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices. The Company does not adjust the quoted market price for such financial instruments.

The Company’s pension plan assets listed above represent guaranteed deposit accounts that are maintained and operated by Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company (“PRIAC”). All assets are merged with the general assets of PRIAC and are invested predominantly in privately placed securities and mortgages. At the beginning of each calendar year, PRIAC notifies the Company of the annual rates of interest which will be applied to the amounts held in the guaranteed deposit account during the next calendar year. In determining the interest rate to be applied, PRIAC considers the investment performance of the underlying assets of the prior year; however, regardless of the investment performance the Company is contractually guaranteed a minimum rate of return. As such, the Company’s pension plan assets are included within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s foreign currency forward contracts represent contracts the Company has entered into to exchange Canadian dollars for U.S. dollars at fixed exchange rates in order to manage its exposure related to certain forecasted Canadian dollar denominated sales of one of its subsidiaries. These contracts are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other long-term assets as of February 29, 2020 and August 31, 2019. The fair value of the forward contracts is based on similar exchange traded derivatives and are, therefore, included within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

6. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

As of February 29, 2020, the Company had forward contracts with a notional value of approximately $7.1 million CAD outstanding and recorded the fair value of the contracts of $0.1 million in other long-term assets and $0.2 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets with a corresponding decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss of $0.2 million, which was recorded net of tax. During the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, the Company reclassified a nominal value and $0.1 million, respectively from accumulated other comprehensive income to revenue, related to the derivative financial instruments. The gain on these forward contracts that resulted in a decrease to accumulated other comprehensive loss as of February 29, 2020 is expected to be reclassified to revenues prior to its maturity on February 25, 2022.

7. Employee Benefit Plans

Defined Contribution Retirement Savings Plan

The Company has a defined contribution retirement savings plan with a 401(k) feature for all eligible U.S. and Canadian employees not under collective bargaining agreements. The Company matches a portion of the employee’s contribution and may make an additional contribution at its discretion. Contributions charged to expense under the plan for the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019 were $5.0 million and $4.3 million, respectively. Contributions charged to expense under the plan for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019 were $10.5 million and $8.8 million, respectively.

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Pension Plans and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans

The Company maintains an unfunded Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan for certain eligible employees of the Company and two frozen non-contributory defined benefit pension plans. The Company recorded a benefit of $0.3 million and an expense of $0.5 million related to these plans for the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019, respectively. The amounts charged to expense related to these plans for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019 were $0.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

8. Income Per Share

The Company calculates income per share by allocating income to its unvested participating securities as part of its income per share calculations. The following table sets forth the computation of basic income per share using the two-class method for amounts attributable to the Company’s shares of Common Stock and Class B Common Stock (in thousands, except per share data):

	Thirteen Weeks Ended				Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
	February 29, 2020		February 23, 2019		February 29, 2020		February 23, 2019
Net income available to shareholders	$	34,680	$	47,606	$	82,922	$	85,926
Allocation of net income for Basic:
Common Stock	$	29,129	$	39,923	$	69,654	$	72,061
Class B Common Stock		5,551		7,683		13,268		13,865
	$	34,680	$	47,606	$	82,922	$	85,926
Weighted average number of shares for Basic:
Common Stock		15,293		15,428		15,300		15,430
Class B Common Stock		3,643		3,710		3,643		3,710
		18,936		19,138		18,943		19,140
Income per share for Basic:
Common Stock	$	1.90	$	2.59	$	4.55	$	4.67
Class B Common Stock	$	1.52	$	2.07	$	3.64	$	3.74

The Company is required to calculate diluted income per share for Common Stock using the more dilutive of the following two methods:

•

The treasury stock method; or

•

The two-class method assuming a participating security is not exercised or converted.

For the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019, the Company’s diluted income per share assumes the conversion of all vested Class B Common Stock into Common Stock and uses the two-class method for its unvested participating shares. The following tables set forth the computation of diluted income per share of Common Stock for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020						Twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020
	Earnings to Common Shareholders		Common Shares		Income Per Share		Earnings to Common Shareholders		Common Shares		Income Per Share
As reported - Basic	$	29,129		15,293	$	1.90	$	69,654		15,300	$	4.55
Add: effect of dilutive potential common shares
Share-Based Awards		—		169				—		171
Class B Common Stock		5,551		3,643				13,268		3,643
As reported – Diluted	$	34,680		19,105	$	1.82	$	82,922		19,114	$	4.34

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

	Thirteen Weeks Ended February 23, 2019						Twenty-Six Weeks Ended February 23, 2019
	Earnings to Common Shareholders		Common Shares		Income Per Share		Earnings to Common Shareholders		Common Shares		Income Per Share
As reported - Basic	$	39,923		15,428	$	2.59	$	72,061		15,430	$	4.67
Add: effect of dilutive potential common shares
Share-Based Awards		—		94				—		118
Class B Common Stock		7,683		3,710				13,865		3,710
As reported – Diluted	$	47,606		19,232	$	2.48	$	85,926		19,258	$	4.46

Share-based awards that would result in the issuance of 667 and 423 shares, respectively, of Common Stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted income per share for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 because they were anti-dilutive. Share-based awards that would result in the issuance of 195 and 754 shares, respectively, of Common Stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted income per share for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 23, 2019 because they were anti-dilutive.

9. Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, net of any reserve for excess and obsolete inventory. Work-in-process and finished goods inventories consist of materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. Judgments and estimates are used in determining the likelihood that new goods on hand can be sold to customers or used in rental operations. Historical inventory usage and current revenue trends are considered in estimating both excess and obsolete inventories. If actual product demand and market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. The Company uses the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method to value its inventories.

The components of inventory as of February 29, 2020 and August 31, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

	February 29, 2020		August 31, 2019
Raw materials	$	18,102	$	23,000
Work in process		2,599		2,864
Finished goods		74,174		75,052
Total inventories	$	94,875	$	100,916

10. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

When the Company acquires a business, the amount assigned to the tangible assets and liabilities and intangible assets acquired is based on their respective fair values determined as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over the tangible assets and liabilities and intangible assets is recorded as goodwill.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of August 31, 2019	$	401,178
Goodwill recorded during the period		23,544
Other		(11	)
Balance as of February 29, 2020	$	424,711

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Intangible assets, net in the Company’s accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows (in thousands):

	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
February 29, 2020
Customer contracts	$	233,997	$	170,780	$	63,217
Software		59,956		36,940		23,016
Other intangible assets		35,664		33,542		2,122
	$	329,617	$	241,262	$	88,355
August 31, 2019
Customer contracts	$	221,306	$	164,718	$	56,588
Software		48,838		34,813		14,025
Other intangible assets		35,063		32,956		2,107
	$	305,207	$	232,487	$	72,720

11. Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company recognizes asset retirement obligations in the period in which they are incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The associated asset retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset. The Company continues to depreciate, on a straight-line basis, the amount added to property, plant and equipment and recognizes accretion expense in connection with the discounted liability over the various remaining lives which range from approximately 1 to 24 years.

A reconciliation of the Company’s asset retirement liability for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 was as follows (in thousands):

	February 29, 2020
Beginning balance as of August 31, 2019	$	12,727
Accretion expense		463
Effect of exchange rate changes		28
Balance as of February 29, 2020	$	13,218

Asset retirement obligations are included in current and long-term accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company and its operations are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations governing, among other things, air emissions, wastewater discharges, and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes and other substances. In particular, industrial laundries currently use and must dispose of detergent waste water and other residues, and, in the past, used perchloroethylene and other dry cleaning solvents. The Company is attentive to the environmental concerns surrounding the disposal of these materials and has, through the years, taken measures to avoid their improper disposal. Over the years, the Company has settled, or contributed to the settlement of, actions or claims brought against the Company relating to the disposal of hazardous materials and there can be no assurance that the Company will not have to expend material amounts to remediate the consequences of any such disposal in the future.

U.S. GAAP requires that a liability for contingencies be recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine the existence of a liability, as well as the amount to be recorded. The Company regularly consults with attorneys and outside consultants in its consideration of the relevant facts and circumstances before recording a contingent liability. Changes in enacted laws, regulatory orders or decrees, management’s estimates of costs, risk-free interest rates, insurance proceeds, participation by other parties, the timing of payments, the input of the Company’s attorneys and outside consultants or other factual circumstances could have a material impact on the amounts recorded for environmental and other contingent liabilities.

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Under environmental laws, an owner or lessee of real estate may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances located on, or in, or emanating from, such property, as well as related costs of investigation and property damage. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or lessee knew of, or was responsible for the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. There can be no assurances that acquired or leased locations have been operated in compliance with environmental laws and regulations or that future uses or conditions will not result in the imposition of liability upon the Company under such laws or expose the Company to third-party actions such as tort suits. The Company continues to address environmental conditions under terms of consent orders negotiated with the applicable environmental authorities or otherwise with respect to sites located in or related to Woburn, Massachusetts, Somerville, Massachusetts, Springfield, Massachusetts, Uvalde, Texas, Stockton, California, two sites related to former operations in Williamstown, Vermont, as well as sites located in Goldsboro, North Carolina and Wilmington, North Carolina.

The Company has accrued certain costs related to the sites described above as it has been determined that the costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company has potential exposure related to a parcel of land (the “Central Area”) related to the Woburn, Massachusetts site mentioned above. Currently, the consent decree for the Woburn site does not define or require any remediation work in the Central Area. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) has provided the Company and other signatories to the consent decree with comments on the design and implementation of groundwater and soil remedies at the Woburn site and investigation of environmental conditions in the Central Area. The Company, and other signatories, have implemented and proposed to do additional work at the Woburn site but many of the EPA’s comments remain to be resolved. The Company has accrued costs to perform certain work responsive to the EPA’s comments. Additionally, the Company has implemented mitigation measures and continues to monitor environmental conditions at the Somerville, Massachusetts site. The Company has received and responded to a notice of audit findings from the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection concerning a regulatory submittal that the Company made in 2009 for a portion of the site. The Company has received demands from the local transit authority for reimbursement of certain costs associated with its construction of a new municipal transit station in the area of the Somerville site. This station is part of an ongoing extension of the transit system. The Company has reserved for costs in connection with this matter; however, in light of the uncertainties associated with this matter, these costs and the related reserve may change.

The Company routinely reviews and evaluates sites that may require remediation and monitoring and determines its estimated costs based on various estimates and assumptions. These estimates are developed using its internal sources or by third party environmental engineers or other service providers. Internally developed estimates are based on:

•

Management’s judgment and experience in remediating and monitoring the Company’s sites;

•

Information available from regulatory agencies as to costs of remediation and monitoring;

•

The number, financial resources and relative degree of responsibility of other potentially responsible parties (“PRPs”) who may be liable for remediation and monitoring of a specific site; and

•

The typical allocation of costs among PRPs.

There is usually a range of reasonable estimates of the costs associated with each site. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company’s accruals reflect the amount within the range that it believes is the best estimate or the low end of a range of estimates if no point within the range is a better estimate. Where it believes that both the amount of a particular liability and the timing of the payments are reliably determinable, the Company adjusts the cost in current dollars using a rate of 3% for inflation until the time of expected payment and discounts the cost to present value using current risk-free interest rates. As of February 29, 2020, the risk-free interest rates utilized by the Company ranged from 1.1% to 1.7%.

For environmental liabilities that have been discounted, the Company includes interest accretion, based on the effective interest method, in selling and administrative expenses on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. The changes to the Company’s environmental liabilities for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

	February 29, 2020
Beginning balance as of August 31, 2019	$	27,718
Revisions in estimates		1,200
Costs incurred for which reserves have been provided		(627	)
Insurance proceeds		62
Interest accretion		269
Changes in discount rates		781
Balance as of February 29, 2020	$	29,403

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Anticipated payments and insurance proceeds of currently identified environmental remediation liabilities as of February 29, 2020, for the next five fiscal years and thereafter, as measured in current dollars, are reflected below.

(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			Thereafter			Total
Estimated costs – current dollars	$	10,518		$	2,186		$	1,353		$	1,091		$	1,058		$	12,032		$	28,238
Estimated insurance proceeds		(97	)		(173	)		(159	)		(173	)		(159	)		(693	)		(1,454	)
Net anticipated costs	$	10,421		$	2,013		$	1,194		$	918		$	899		$	11,339		$	26,784
Effect of inflation																				7,522
Effect of discounting																				(4,903	)
Balance as of February 29, 2020																			$	29,403

Estimated insurance proceeds are primarily received from an annuity received as part of a legal settlement with an insurance company. Annual proceeds of approximately $0.3 million are deposited into an escrow account which funds remediation and monitoring costs for two sites related to former operations in Williamstown, Vermont. Annual proceeds received but not expended in the current year accumulate in this account and may be used in future years for costs related to this site through the year 2027. As of February 29, 2020, the balance in this escrow account, which is held in a trust and is not recorded in the Company’s accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet, was approximately $4.2 million. Also included in estimated insurance proceeds are amounts the Company is entitled to receive pursuant to legal settlements as reimbursements from three insurance companies for estimated costs at the site in Uvalde, Texas.

The Company’s nuclear garment decontamination facilities are licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or, in certain cases, by the applicable state agency, and are subject to regulation by federal, state and local authorities. There can be no assurance that such regulation will not lead to material disruptions in the Company’s garment decontamination business.

During the year ended August 26, 2017 (“fiscal 2017"), the Company recorded a pre-tax non-cash impairment charge of $55.8 million once it was determined that it was not probable that the version of the Customer Relationship Management (“CRM”) system that was being developed would be completed and placed into service. On December 28, 2018, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with its lead contractor for the version of the CRM system with respect to which the Company recorded the impairment charge. As part of the settlement agreement, the Company recorded in the thirteen weeks ended February 23, 2019 a total gain of $21.1 million as a reduction of selling and administrative expenses, which includes the Company’s receipt of a one-time cash payment in the amount of $13.0 million as well as the forgiveness of amounts previously due the contractor. The Company also received hardware and related maintenance service with a fair value of $0.8 million as part of the settlement.

From time to time, the Company is also subject to legal proceedings and claims arising from the conduct of its business operations, including personal injury claims, customer contract matters, employment claims and environmental matters as described above.

While it is impossible for the Company to ascertain the ultimate legal and financial liability with respect to contingent liabilities, including lawsuits and environmental contingencies, the Company believes that the aggregate amount of such liabilities, if any, in excess of amounts covered by insurance have been properly accrued in accordance with U.S. GAAP. It is possible, however, that the future financial position and/or results of operations for any particular future period could be materially affected by changes in the Company’s assumptions or strategies related to these contingencies or changes out of the Company’s control.

13. Income Taxes

In accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), each interim period is considered integral to the annual period and tax expense is measured using an estimated annual effective tax rate. An entity is required to record income tax expense each quarter based on its annual effective tax rate estimated for the full fiscal year and use that rate to provide for income taxes on a current year-to-date basis, adjusted for discrete taxable events that occur during the interim period.

Effective tax rate

The Company’s effective tax rate for the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 was 24.2% as compared to 24.9% for the corresponding period in the prior year. The Company’s effective tax rate for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 was 23.0% as compared to 25.5% for the corresponding period in the prior year. The decrease in the effective tax rate in the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 was primarily due to a $1.3 million benefit resulting from the release of certain tax reserves. In addition, there was a $0.7 million and $1.4 million discrete tax benefit related to stock option exercises during the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, respectively.

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Uncertain tax positions

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense, which is consistent with the recognition of these items in prior reporting periods. During the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020, there was no change in unrecognized tax benefits to the Company. During the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, there was a decrease in unrecognized tax benefits of $1.3 million due to a release of tax reserves.

All U.S. and Canadian federal income tax statutes have lapsed for filings up to and including fiscal years 2015 and 2012, respectively. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to state and local income tax examinations for periods prior to fiscal 2015. The Company is not aware of any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will change significantly in the next 12 months.

14. Long-Term Debt

The Company has a $250 million unsecured revolving credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of banks, which matures on April 11, 2021. Under the Credit Agreement, the Company is able to borrow funds at variable interest rates based on, at its election, the Eurodollar rate or a base rate, plus in each case a spread based on the Company’s consolidated funded debt ratio. Availability of credit requires compliance with certain financial and other covenants, including a maximum consolidated funded debt ratio and minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio as defined in the Credit Agreement. The Company tests its compliance with these financial covenants on a fiscal quarterly basis. As of February 29, 2020, the interest rates applicable to the Company’s borrowings under the Credit Agreement would be calculated as LIBOR plus 75 basis points at the time of the respective borrowing. As of February 29, 2020, the Company had no outstanding borrowings and had outstanding letters of credit amounting to $70.8 million, leaving $179.2 million available for borrowing under the Credit Agreement.

As of February 29, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

15. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

	Thirteen Weeks Ended February 29, 2020
	Foreign Currency Translation			Pension- related (1)			Derivative Financial Instruments (1)			Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning balance as of November 30, 2019	$	(23,651	)	$	(9,239	)	$	186		$	(32,704	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		(769	)		—			52			(717	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			350			(30	)		320
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income		(769	)		350			22			(397	)
Ending balance as of February 29, 2020	$	(24,420	)	$	(8,889	)	$	208		$	(33,101	)

	Twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020
	Foreign Currency Translation			Pension- related (1)			Derivative Financial Instruments (1)			Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of August 31, 2019	$	(24,640	)	$	(9,239	)	$	191		$	(33,688	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification		220			—			77			297
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			350			(60	)		290
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income		220			350			17			587
Balance as of February 29, 2020	$	(24,420	)	$	(8,889	)	$	208		$	(33,101	)

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

	Thirteen Weeks Ended February 23, 2019
	Foreign Currency Translation			Pension- related (1)			Derivative Financial Instruments (1)			Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning balance as of November 24, 2018	$	(23,398	)	$	(4,135	)	$	180		$	(27,353	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification		1,418			—			(39	)		1,379
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			—			(32	)		(32	)
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income		1,418			—			(71	)		1,347
Ending balance as of February 23, 2019	$	(21,980	)	$	(4,135	)	$	109		$	(26,006	)

	Twenty-six weeks ended February 23, 2019
	Foreign Currency Translation			Pension- related (1)			Derivative Financial Instruments (1)			Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance as of August 25, 2018	$	(21,116	)	$	(4,135	)	$	92		$	(25,159	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassification		(864	)		—			93			(771	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		—			—			(76	)		(76	)
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income		(864	)		—			17			(847	)
Balance as of February 23, 2019	$	(21,980	)	$	(4,135	)	$	109		$	(26,006	)

(1)	Amounts are shown net of tax.

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

	Thirteen weeks ended						Twenty-six weeks ended
	February 29, 2020			February 23, 2019			February 29, 2020			February 23, 2019
Pension benefit liabilities (net):
Reclassification to income statement (a)	$	350		$	—		$	350		$	—
Total, net of tax	$	350			—		$	350			—

Derivative financial instruments, net:
Forward contracts (b)		(30	)		(32	)		(60	)		(76	)
Total, net of tax		(30	)		(32	)		(60	)		(76	)

Total amounts reclassified, net of tax	$	(30	)	$	(32	)	$	(60	)	$	(76	)

(a) Amounts included in selling and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

(b)	Amounts included in revenues in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

16. Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker, or decision-making group, in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Company’s chief executive officer. The Company has six operating segments based on the information reviewed by its chief executive officer: U.S. Rental and Cleaning, Canadian Rental and Cleaning, Manufacturing (“MFG”), Corporate, Specialty Garments and First Aid. The U.S. Rental and Cleaning and Canadian Rental and Cleaning operating segments have been combined to form the U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning reporting segment, and as a result, the Company has five reporting segments.

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning reporting segment purchases, rents, cleans, delivers and sells uniforms and protective clothing and non-garment items in the United States and Canada. The laundry locations of the U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning reporting segment are referred to by the Company as “industrial laundries” or “industrial laundry locations.”

The MFG operating segment designs and manufactures uniforms and non-garment items primarily for the purpose of providing these goods to the U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning reporting segment. MFG revenues are primarily generated when goods are shipped from the Company’s manufacturing facilities, or its subcontract manufacturers, to other Company locations. These intercompany revenues are recorded at a transfer price which is typically in excess of the actual manufacturing cost. Manufactured products are carried in inventory until placed in service at which time they are amortized at this transfer price. On a consolidated basis, intercompany revenues and income are eliminated and the carrying value of inventories and rental merchandise in service is reduced to the manufacturing cost. Income before income taxes from MFG net of the intercompany MFG elimination offsets the merchandise amortization costs incurred by the U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning reporting segment as the merchandise costs of this reporting segment are amortized and recognized based on inventories purchased from MFG at the transfer price which is above the Company’s manufacturing cost.

The Corporate operating segment consists of costs associated with the Company’s distribution center, sales and marketing, information systems, engineering, materials management, manufacturing planning, finance, budgeting, human resources, other general and administrative costs and interest expense. The revenues generated from the Corporate operating segment represent certain direct sales made by the Company directly from its distribution center. The products sold by this operating segment are the same products rented and sold by the U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning reporting segment. In the table below, no assets or capital expenditures are presented for the Corporate operating segment because no assets are allocated to this operating segment in the information reviewed by the chief executive officer. However, depreciation and amortization expense related to certain assets are reflected in operating income and income before income taxes for the Corporate operating segment. The assets that give rise to this depreciation and amortization are included in the total assets of the U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning reporting segment as this is how they are tracked and reviewed by the Company. The majority of expenses accounted for within the Corporate segment relate to costs of the U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning segment, with the remainder of the costs relating to the Specialty Garment and First Aid segments.

The Specialty Garments operating segment purchases, rents, cleans, delivers and sells, specialty garments and non-garment items primarily for nuclear and cleanroom applications and provides cleanroom cleaning services at limited customer locations. The First Aid operating segment sells first aid cabinet services and other safety supplies as well as maintains wholesale distribution and pill packaging operations.

The Company refers to the U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning, MFG, and Corporate reporting segments combined as its “Core Laundry Operations,” which is included as a subtotal in the following table (in thousands):

Thirteen weeks ended	U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning			MFG		Net Interco MFG Elim			Corporate			Subtotal Core Laundry Operations			Specialty Garments		First Aid		Total
February 29, 2020
Revenues	$	403,161		$	53,661	$	(53,661	)	$	9,031		$	412,192		$	35,980	$	16,428	$	464,600
Operating income (loss)	$	59,008		$	16,714	$	3,093		$	(40,458	)	$	38,357		$	4,627	$	1,143	$	44,127
Interest income, net	$	(1,124	)	$	—	$	—		$	(1,051	)	$	(2,175	)	$	—	$	—	$	(2,175	)
Income (loss) before taxes	$	60,119		$	16,646	$	3,093		$	(39,811	)	$	40,047		$	4,573	$	1,143	$	45,763
February 23, 2019
Revenues	$	385,528		$	60,978	$	(60,978	)	$	8,880		$	394,408		$	29,745	$	13,332	$	437,485
Operating income (loss)	$	64,619		$	20,160	$	1,047		$	(26,713	)	$	59,113		$	2,235	$	1,098	$	62,446
Interest income, net	$	(1,058	)	$	—	$	—		$	(951	)	$	(2,009	)	$	—	$	—	$	(2,009	)
Income (loss) before taxes	$	65,667		$	19,876	$	1,046		$	(26,502	)	$	60,087		$	2,210	$	1,098	$	63,395

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Twenty-six weeks ended
February 29, 2020
Revenues	$	810,964		$	118,671	$	(118,671	)	$	17,526		$	828,490		$	69,382	$	32,126	$	929,998
Operating income (loss)	$	135,295		$	39,260	$	567		$	(82,957	)	$	92,165		$	9,506	$	2,551	$	104,222
Interest income, net	$	(2,100	)	$	—	$	—		$	(2,436	)	$	(4,536	)	$	—	$	—	$	(4,536	)
Income (loss) before taxes	$	137,376		$	39,049	$	567		$	(81,309	)	$	95,683		$	9,457	$	2,551	$	107,691
February 23, 2019
Revenues	$	766,316		$	128,524	$	(128,524	)	$	18,569		$	784,885		$	64,193	$	26,957	$	876,035
Operating income (loss)	$	119,333		$	44,892	$	(2,700	)	$	(57,630	)	$	103,895		$	6,705	$	2,272	$	112,872
Interest income, net	$	(2,105	)	$	—	$	—		$	(1,609	)	$	(3,714	)	$	—	$	—	$	(3,714	)
Income (loss) before taxes	$	121,419		$	44,716	$	(2,701	)	$	(56,735	)	$	106,699		$	6,383	$	2,272	$	115,354

17. Shares Repurchased and Dividends

On October 23, 2019, the Company announced that it will be raising its quarterly dividend to $0.25 per share for Common Stock and to $0.20 per share for Class B Common Stock, up from $0.1125 and $0.09 per share, respectively. The amount and timing of any dividend payment is subject to the approval of the Board of Directors each quarter.

On January 2, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase from time to time up to $100.0 million of its outstanding shares of Common Stock. Repurchases made under the program, if any, will be made in either the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will depend on a variety of factors, including economic and market conditions, the Company stock price, corporate liquidity requirements and priorities, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The share repurchase program will be funded using the Company’s available cash or capacity under its Credit Agreement and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. As of February 29, 2020, the Company had repurchased a total of 268,250 shares for an average price per share of $166.71 under the share repurchase program. During the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, the Company repurchased 20,500 and 71,100 shares for an average price per share of $206.34 and $199.77, respectively.

18. Leases

The Company has operating leases for certain operating facilities, vehicles and equipment, which provide the right to use the underlying asset and require lease payments over the term of the lease. Each new contract is evaluated to determine if an arrangement contains a lease and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease. All identified leases are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet with a corresponding operating lease right-of-use asset, net, representing the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and the operating lease liabilities representing the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Short-term operating leases, which have an initial term of twelve months or less, are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet.

Operating lease right-of-use assets, net and operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term and include options to extend or terminate the lease when they are reasonably certain to be exercised. The present value of lease payments is determined primarily using the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date. Lease expense for operating leases is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term and variable lease costs are recorded as incurred. Both lease expense and variable lease costs are primarily recorded in cost of revenues on the Company's consolidated statements of income. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

UniFirst Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

The following table presents the operating lease cost and information related to the operating lease right-of-use assets, net and operating lease liabilities for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020:

(In thousands, except lease term and discount rate)
Lease cost
Operating lease costs including short-term lease expense and variable lease costs, which were immaterial in the period	$	9,136

Operating cash flow impacts
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	6,510
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	4,398
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	4.6
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		2.86	%

The contractual future minimum lease payments of the Company's operating lease liabilities by fiscal year are as follows as of February 29, 2020:

(In thousands, except per share data)
2020 (remaining six months)	$	6,625
2021		12,647
2022		9,399
2023		7,063
2024		4,804
Thereafter		7,010
Total payments		47,548
Less interest		(2,817	)
Total present value of lease payments	$	44,731

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

SAFE HARBOR FOR FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and any documents incorporated by reference may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and any documents incorporated by reference are subject to the safe harbor created by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “estimates,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “plans,” “expects,” “intends,” “believes,” “seeks,” “could,” “should,” “may,” “will,” “strategy,” “objective,” “assume,” “strive,” or the negative versions thereof, and similar expressions and by the context in which they are used. Such forward-looking statements are based upon our current expectations and speak only as of the date made. Such statements are highly dependent upon a variety of risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to, uncertainties caused by adverse economic conditions, including, without limitation, as a result of extraordinary events or circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and their impact on our customers’ businesses and workforce levels, disruptions of our business and operations, including limitations on, or closures of, our facilities, or the business and operations of our customers or suppliers in connection with extraordinary events or circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, uncertainties regarding our ability to consummate and successfully integrate acquired businesses, uncertainties regarding any existing or newly-discovered expenses and liabilities related to environmental compliance and remediation, any adverse outcome of pending or future contingencies or claims, our ability to compete successfully without any significant degradation in our margin rates, seasonal and quarterly fluctuations in business levels, our ability to preserve positive labor relationships and avoid becoming the target of corporate labor unionization campaigns that could disrupt our business, the effect of currency fluctuations on our results of operations and financial condition, our dependence on third parties to supply us with raw materials, which such supply could be severely disrupted as a result of extraordinary events or circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, any loss of key management or other personnel, increased costs as a result of any changes in federal or state laws, rules and regulations or governmental interpretation of such laws, rules and regulations, uncertainties regarding the price levels of natural gas, electricity, fuel and labor, the negative effect on our business from sharply depressed oil and natural gas prices, including, without limitation, as a result of extraordinary events or circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the continuing increase in domestic healthcare costs, increased workers’ compensation claim costs, increased healthcare claim costs, including as a result of extraordinary events or circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, our ability to retain and grow our customer base, demand and prices for our products and services, fluctuations in our Specialty Garments business, instability in Mexico and Nicaragua where our principal garment manufacturing plants are located, our ability to properly and efficiently design, construct, implement and operate a new customer relationship management (“CRM”) computer system, interruptions or failures of our information technology systems, including as a result of cyber-attacks, additional professional and internal costs necessary for compliance with any changes in Securities and Exchange Commission, New York Stock Exchange and accounting rules, strikes and unemployment levels, our efforts to evaluate and potentially reduce internal costs, economic and other developments associated with the war on terrorism and its impact on the economy, the impact of foreign trade policies and tariffs or other impositions on imported goods on our business, results of operations and financial condition, general economic conditions, our ability to successfully implement our business strategies and processes, including our capital allocation strategies and the other factors described under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2019 and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including, without limitation, under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances arising after the date on which they are made.

Business Overview

UniFirst Corporation, together with its subsidiaries, hereunder referred to as “we”, “our”, the “Company”, or “UniFirst”, is one of the largest providers of workplace uniforms and protective work wear clothing in the United States. We design, manufacture, personalize, rent, clean, deliver, and sell a wide range of uniforms and protective clothing, including shirts, pants, jackets, coveralls, lab coats, smocks, aprons and specialized protective wear, such as flame resistant and high visibility garments. We also rent and sell industrial wiping products, floor mats, facility service products and other non-garment items, and provide restroom and cleaning supplies and first aid cabinet services and other safety supplies, to a variety of manufacturers, retailers and service companies.

We serve businesses of all sizes in numerous industry categories. Typical customers include automobile service centers and dealers, delivery services, food and general merchandise retailers, food processors and service operations, light manufacturers, maintenance facilities, restaurants, service companies, soft and durable goods wholesalers, transportation companies, and others who require employee clothing for image, identification, protection or utility purposes. We also provide our customers with restroom and cleaning supplies, including air fresheners, paper products and hand soaps.

At certain specialized facilities, we also decontaminate and clean work clothes and other items that may have been exposed to radioactive materials and service special cleanroom protective wear and facilities. Typical customers for these specialized services include government agencies, research and development laboratories, high technology companies and utilities operating nuclear reactors.

We continue to expand into additional geographic markets through acquisitions and organic growth. We currently service over 300,000 customer locations in the United States, Canada and Europe from over 260 customer service, distribution and manufacturing facilities.

As mentioned and described in Note 16 to our Consolidated Financial Statements, we have five reporting segments: U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning, MFG, Corporate, Specialty Garments and First Aid. We refer to the laundry locations of the U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning reporting segment as “industrial laundries” or “industrial laundry locations”, and to the U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning, MFG, and Corporate reporting segments combined as our “Core Laundry Operations.”

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon the Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). As such, management is required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable based on the information available. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, the most important and pervasive accounting policies used and areas most sensitive to material changes from external factors. The critical accounting estimates that we believe affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements presented in this report are described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019.

COVID-19 Assessment

An outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) has occurred in a number of countries, including the United States, Canada and the European countries in which we operate. Developments have been occurring rapidly with respect to the spread of COVID-19 and its impact on human health and businesses. New and changing government actions to address the COVID-19 pandemic have been occurring on a daily basis. We have been closely monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts and potential impacts on our business. However, because developments with respect to the spread of COVID-19 and its impacts have been occurring so rapidly and because of the unprecedented nature of the pandemic, we are unable to predict the extent and duration of the adverse financial impact of COVID-19 on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

National, state and local governments have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in a variety of ways, including, without limitation, by declaring states of emergency, restricting people from gathering in groups or interacting within a certain physical distance (i.e., social distancing), and in certain cases, ordering businesses to close or limit operations or people to stay at home. Although we have been permitted to continue to operate in all of the jurisdictions in which we operate, including in jurisdictions that have mandated the closure of certain businesses and we expect to be permitted to continue to operate under any orders or other restrictions imposed by any government authorities in the future, there is no assurance that we will be permitted to operate under every future government order or other restriction and in every location. If we were to be subject to government orders or other restrictions on the operation of our business, we may be required to limit our operations at, or close, certain locations in the future. Any such limitations or closures could have a material adverse impact on our ability to service our customers and on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, any limitations on, or closures of, our manufacturing facilities in Mexico or Nicaragua, or our distribution center in Owensboro, Kentucky, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to manufacture products and service customers and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

obtain products or services from suppliers may be adversely impacted, our ability to service certain customers could be adversely impacted and, as a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In addition, depending on the extent and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, we may be subject to significant increases in healthcare costs in the event that a significant number of our personnel become infected with COVID-19 and require medical treatment. As a result, any significant increases in healthcare costs as a result of COVID-19 or otherwise could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused, and may in the future continue to cause, disruptions, and in some cases severe disruptions, to the business and operations of our customers as a result of quarantines, worker absenteeism as a result of illness or other factors, social distancing measures and other travel, health-related, business or other restrictions. Certain of our customers have been, and may in the future be, required to close down or operate at a lower capacity, which has, as a result, adversely impacted our business, may continue to adversely impact our business and may in the future materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that any decrease in sales resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic will be offset by increased sales in the future.

We remain focused on the safety and well-being of our team partners and on the service of our customers. We will continuously review and assess the rapidly-changing COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on our customers, our suppliers and our business so that we can seek to address the impacts on our business and service our customers. As of February 29, 2020, our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments were $395.3 million, and we had access to $179.2 million of borrowing capacity under our $250 million unsecured revolving credit facility, which we believe will help us manage the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and address related liquidity needs.

Please see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for an additional discussion of risks and potential risks of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Results of Operations

The following table presents certain selected financial data, including the percentage of revenues represented by each item, for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019.

	Thirteen weeks ended															Twenty-six weeks ended
(In thousands, except percentages)	February 29, 2020			% of Revenues			February 23, 2019			% of Revenues			% Change			February 29, 2020			% of Revenues			February 23, 2019			% of Revenues			% Change
Revenues	$	464,600			100.0	%	$	437,485			100.0	%		6.2	%	$	929,998			100.0	%	$	876,035			100.0	%		6.2	%
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues (1)		301,422			64.9			281,672			64.4			7.0			590,738			63.5			558,721			63.8			5.7
Selling and administrative expenses (1)		93,080			20.0			68,321			15.6			36.2			183,608			19.7			154,280			17.6			19.0
Depreciation and amortization		25,971			5.6			25,046			5.7			3.7			51,430			5.5			50,162			5.7			2.5
Total operating expenses		420,473			90.5			375,039			85.7			12.1			825,776			88.8			763,163			87.1			8.2
Operating income		44,127			9.5			62,446			14.3			(29.3	)		104,222			11.2			112,872			12.9			(7.7	)
Other income, net		(1,636	)		(0.4	)		(949	)		(0.2	)		72.4			(3,469	)		(0.4	)		(2,482	)		(0.3	)		39.8
Income before income taxes		45,763			9.8			63,395			14.5			(27.8	)		107,691			11.6			115,354			13.2			(6.6	)
Provision for income taxes		11,083			2.4			15,789			3.6			(29.8	)		24,769			2.7			29,428			3.4			(15.8	)
Net income	$	34,680			7.5	%	$	47,606			10.9	%		(27.2	)%	$	82,922			8.9	%	$	85,926			9.8	%		(3.5	)%

(1)	Exclusive of depreciation on our property, plant and equipment and amortization on our intangible assets.

General

We derive our revenues through the design, manufacture, personalization, rental, cleaning, delivering, and selling of a wide range of uniforms and protective clothing, including shirts, pants, jackets, coveralls, lab coats, smocks and aprons and specialized protective wear, such as flame resistant and high visibility garments. We also rent industrial wiping products, floor mats, facility service products, other non-garment items, and provide restroom and cleaning supplies and first aid cabinet services and other safety supplies, to a variety of manufacturers, retailers and service companies. We have five reporting segments, U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning, MFG, Specialty Garments, First Aid and Corporate. We refer to the U.S. and Canadian Rental and Cleaning, MFG, and Corporate reporting segments combined as our “Core Laundry Operations.”

Cost of revenues include the amortization of rental merchandise in service and merchandise costs related to direct sales as well as labor and other production, service and delivery costs and distribution costs associated with operating our Core Laundry Operations, Specialty Garments facilities and First Aid locations. Selling and administrative costs include costs related to our sales and marketing functions as well as general and administrative costs associated with our corporate offices, non-operating environmental sites and operating locations including information systems, engineering, materials management, manufacturing planning, finance, budgeting and human resources.

We have a substantial number of plants and conduct a significant portion of our business in energy producing regions in the U.S. and Canada. In general, we are relatively more dependent on business in these regions than are many of our competitors. For example, the dramatic decrease in oil prices beginning in 2014 directly affected our customers in the oil industry as they curtailed their level of operations, which had a corresponding effect on our customers in businesses which service or supply the oil industry as well as our customers in unrelated businesses located in areas which had benefited from the economic expansion generated by the robust growth driven by the higher oil prices in prior years. As a result, our organic growth in periods following this dramatic decrease in oil prices was negatively impacted by elevated headcount reductions in our wearer base as well as increased lost accounts. Recent trends indicate that the precipitous decline in energy prices will have a significant negative impact on wearer levels at existing customers in our North American energy-dependent markets. Our operating results are also directly impacted by the costs of the gasoline used to fuel our vehicles and the natural gas used to operate our plants. While it is difficult to quantify the positive and negative impacts on our financial results from changes in energy prices, we believe that the significant decrease in oil and natural gas prices we are currently experiencing will have an overall negative impact on the business.

Our results of operations may also be adversely impacted by the decline in the Canadian exchange rate.

Our business is subject to various state and federal regulations, including employment laws and regulations, minimum wage requirements, overtime requirements, working condition requirements, citizenship requirements, healthcare insurance mandates and other laws and regulations that impact our labor costs. We expect that our labor costs will rise in fiscal 2020 as a result of increases in state and local minimum wage levels as well as the overall impact of wage pressure as the result of a low unemployment environment.

On October 23, 2019, we announced that we would be raising our quarterly dividend to $0.25 per share for Common Stock and to $0.20 per share for Class B Common Stock, up from $0.1125 and $0.09 per share, respectively. The amount and timing of any future dividend payment is subject to the approval of the Board of Directors each quarter.

On January 2, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase from time to time up to $100.0 million of its outstanding shares of Common Stock. Repurchases made under the program, if any, will be made in either the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will depend on a variety of factors, including economic and market conditions, the Company stock price, corporate liquidity requirements and priorities, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The share repurchase program will be funded using the Company’s available cash or capacity under its credit agreement and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. As of February 29, 2020, the Company had repurchased a total of 268,250 shares for an average price per share of $166.71 under the share repurchase program.

During the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, the Company repurchased 20,500 and 71,100 shares for an average price per share of $206.34 and $199.77 respectively. During the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 23, 2019, the Company repurchased 45,000 shares for an average price per share of $139.57.

During fiscal 2017, we recorded a pre-tax non-cash impairment charge of $55.8 million once it was determined that it was not probable that the version of the CRM system that was being developed would be completed and placed into service. On December 28,

2018, we entered into a settlement agreement with our lead contractor for the version of the CRM system with respect to which we recorded the impairment charge. As part of the settlement agreement, we recorded in the thirteen weeks ended February 23, 2019 a total gain of $21.1 million as a reduction of selling and administrative expenses, which includes our receipt of a one-time cash payment in the amount of $13.0 million as well as the forgiveness of amounts previously due the contractor. We also received hardware and related maintenance service with a fair value of $0.8 million as part of the settlement.

In our fourth fiscal quarter of 2018, we initiated a multiyear CRM project to further develop, implement and deploy a third-party application we licensed. This new solution is intended to improve functionality, capability and information flow as well as increase automation in servicing our customers. As of February 29, 2020, we have capitalized $17.3 million related to our new CRM project.

Thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 compared with thirteen weeks ended February 23, 2019

Revenues

(In thousands, except percentages)	February 29, 2020		February 23, 2019		Dollar Change		Percent Change
Core Laundry Operations	$	412,192	$	394,408	$	17,784		4.5	%
Specialty Garments		35,980		29,745		6,235		21.0	%
First Aid		16,428		13,332		3,096		23.2	%
Consolidated total	$	464,600	$	437,485	$	27,115		6.2	%

The increase in our consolidated revenues was due primarily to growth in our Core Laundry Operations. Excluding the effect of foreign exchange, which favorably impacted our growth by 0.1%, organic growth for our Core Laundry Operations was 3.6% and growth due to acquisitions was 0.8%. Organic growth consists primarily of new sales, price increases, and net changes in the wearer levels at our existing customers, offset by lost accounts. During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, our organic growth rate benefited from net strong new accounts sales as well as reduced lost accounts during fiscal 2019.

Specialty Garments’ results are often affected by seasonality and the timing and length of its customers’ power reactor outages as well as its project-based activities. The increase in Specialty Garments revenue was due primarily to increased direct sales activity in the US and Canada nuclear operations as well as strong performance in our cleanroom and European nuclear operations.

The increase in First Aid revenues was due primarily to the strong performance in our wholesale distribution business as well as our initiative to expand our First Aid van business into new geographies.

Cost of Revenues

(In thousands, except percentages)

February 29, 2020

February 23, 2019

Dollar

Change

Percent

Change

Cost of revenues

301,422

281,672

19,750

7.0

% of Revenues

64.9

64.4

Our Core Laundry Operations cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues increased in the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period due primarily to higher production and service payroll and other costs as a percentage of revenues. These increases were partially offset by lower energy costs.

Our Specialty Garments cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues decreased in the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period. The decrease in cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues was due primarily to increased gross profit from increased direct sales activity in the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020.

Selling and Administrative Expenses

(In thousands, except percentages)

February 29, 2020

February 23, 2019

Dollar

Change

Percent

Change

Selling and administrative expenses

93,080

68,321

24,759

36.2

% of Revenues

20.0

15.6

Our selling and administrative costs increased in the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period. The increase was due primarily to a gain of $21.1 million in the thirteen weeks ended February 23, 2019 related to the settlement agreement with the lead contractor for the version of the CRM system with respect to which we recorded a $55.8 million impairment charge in fiscal 2017.

Depreciation and Amortization

(In thousands, except percentages)

February 29, 2020

February 23, 2019

Dollar

Change

Percent

Change

Depreciation and amortization

25,971

25,046

925

3.7

% of Revenues

5.6

5.7

Depreciation and amortization expense increased in the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period due primarily to higher capital expenditures placed in service over the past several quarters. The increase in depreciation and amortization reflects the Company’s continued capital investments in the business.

Operating Income

For the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019, changes in our revenues and costs as discussed above resulted in the following changes in our operating income and operating income margin:

(In thousands, except percentages)	February 29, 2020			February 23, 2019			Dollar Change			Percent Change
Core Laundry Operations	$	38,357		$	59,113		$	(20,756	)		(35.1	)%
Specialty Garments		4,627			2,235			2,392			107.0	%
First Aid		1,143			1,098			45			4.1	%
Operating income	$	44,127		$	62,446		$	(18,319	)		(29.3	)%
% of Revenues		9.5	%		14.3	%

Other Income, net

(In thousands, except percentages)	February 29, 2020			February 23, 2019			Dollar Change			Percent Change
Interest income, net	$	(2,175	)	$	(2,009	)	$	(166	)		8.3	%
Other expense, net		539			1,060			(521	)		(49.2	)%
Total other income, net	$	(1,636	)	$	(949	)	$	(687	)		72.4	%

The increase in other income, net during the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period was due primarily to lower periodic pension costs.

Provision for Income Taxes

(In thousands, except percentages)

February 29, 2020

February 23, 2019

Dollar

Change

Percent

Change

Provision for income taxes

11,083

15,789

(4,706

)

(29.8

Effective income tax rate

24.2

24.9

The decrease in our effective tax rate for the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period was due primarily to a $0.7 million discrete tax benefit related to stock option exercises.

Twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 compared with twenty-six weeks ended February 23, 2019

Revenues

(In thousands, except percentages)	February 29, 2020		February 23, 2019		Dollar Change		Percent Change
Core Laundry Operations	$	828,490	$	784,885	$	43,605		5.6	%
Specialty Garments		69,382		64,193		5,189		8.1	%
First Aid		32,126		26,957		5,169		19.2	%
Consolidated total	$	929,998	$	876,035	$	53,963		6.2	%

The increase in our consolidated revenues was due primarily to growth in our Core Laundry Operations. Organic growth for our Core Laundry Operations was 4.8% and growth due to acquisitions was 0.8%. Organic growth consists primarily of new sales, price increases, and net changes in the wearer levels at our existing customers, offset by lost accounts. During the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, our organic growth rate benefited from net strong new accounts sales as well as reduced lost accounts during the twenty-six weeks ended February 23, 2019.

Specialty Garments’ results are often affected by seasonality and the timing and length of its customers’ power reactor outages as well as its project-based activities. The increase in Specialty Garments revenue was due primarily to increased direct sales activity in the U.S. and Canada nuclear operations as well as strong performance in our cleanroom operations.

Cost of Revenues

(In thousands, except percentages)

February 29, 2020

February 23, 2019

Dollar

Change

Percent

Change

Cost of revenues

590,738

558,721

32,017

5.7

% of Revenues

63.5

63.8

Our Core Laundry Operations cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues in the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 remained relatively consistent with the prior year comparable period.

Our Specialty Garments cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues decreased in the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period. The decrease in cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues was due primarily to increased gross profit from increased direct sales activity in the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020.

Selling and Administrative Expenses

(In thousands, except percentages)

February 29, 2020

February 23, 2019

Dollar

Change

Percent

Change

Selling and administrative expenses

183,608

154,280

29,328

19.0

% of Revenues

19.7

17.6

Our selling and administrative costs increased in the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period. The increase was due primarily to a gain of $21.1 million in the twenty-six weeks ended February 23, 2019 related to the settlement agreement with the lead contractor for the version of the CRM system with respect to which we recorded a $55.8 million impairment charge in fiscal 2017. Also contributing to the increase was a gain of $3.0 million from the settlement of environmental litigation in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

Depreciation and Amortization

(In thousands, except percentages)

February 29, 2020

February 23, 2019

Dollar

Change

Percent

Change

Depreciation and amortization

51,430

50,162

1,268

2.5

% of Revenues

5.5

5.7

Depreciation and amortization expense increased in the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period due primarily to higher capital expenditures placed in service over the past several quarters. The increase in depreciation and amortization reflects the Company’s continued capital investments in the business.

Operating Income

For the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019, changes in our revenues and costs as discussed above resulted in the following changes in our operating income and operating income margin:

(In thousands, except percentages)	February 29, 2020			February 23, 2019			Dollar Change			Percent Change
Core Laundry Operations	$	92,165		$	103,895		$	(11,730	)		(11.3	)%
Specialty Garments		9,506			6,705			2,801			41.8	%
First Aid		2,551			2,272			279			12.3	%
Operating income	$	104,222		$	112,872		$	(8,650	)		(7.7	)%
Operating income margin		11.2	%		12.9	%

Other Income, net

(In thousands, except percentages)	February 29, 2020			February 23, 2019			Dollar Change			Percent Change
Interest income, net	$	(4,536	)	$	(3,714	)	$	(822	)		22.1	%
Other expense, net		1,067			1,232			(165	)		(13.4	)%
Total other income, net	$	(3,469	)	$	(2,482	)	$	(987	)		39.8	%

The increase in other income, net during the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period was due primarily to higher interest income from greater amounts of cash invested.

Provision for Income Taxes

(In thousands, except percentages)

February 29, 2020

February 23, 2019

Dollar

Change

Percent

Change

Provision for income taxes

24,769

29,428

(4,659

)

(15.8

Effective income tax rate

23.0

25.5

The decrease in our effective tax rate for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period was due primarily to a $1.3 million benefit as a result of the relief of certain tax reserves and a $1.4 million discrete tax benefit related to stock option exercises.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $395.3 million as of February 29, 2020, an increase of $60.0 million from February 23, 2019 when the amount totaled $335.3 million. We generated $136.9 million and $128.7 million in cash from operating activities in the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019, respectively.

Pursuant to a share repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors on January 2, 2019, we repurchased 71,100 shares of our Common Stock for an aggregate of approximately $14.2 million during the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020.

We believe, although there can be no assurance, that our current cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balances, our cash generated from future operations and amounts available under our Credit Agreement (defined below) will be sufficient to meet our current anticipated working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months and will help us manage the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and address related liquidity needs.

Cash flows provided by operating activities have historically been the primary source of our liquidity. We generally use these cash flows to fund most, if not all, of our operations, capital expenditure and acquisition activities as well as dividends on our common stock and stock repurchases. We may also use cash flows provided by operating activities, as well as proceeds from loans payable and long-term debt, to fund growth and acquisition opportunities, as well as other cash requirements.

Sources and uses of cash flows for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 and February 23, 2019, respectively, are summarized as follows:

(In thousands, except percentages)	February 29, 2020			February 23, 2019			Percent Change
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	136,869		$	128,660			6.4	%
Net cash used in investing activities		(103,056	)		(52,026	)		98.1	%
Net cash used in financing activities		(24,018	)		(11,488	)		109.1	%
Effect of exchange rate changes		187			(336	)		(155.7	)%
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	9,982		$	64,810			(84.6	)%

Cash Provided by Operating Activities

The increase in cash provided by operating activities was due primarily to lower expenditures on inventories and rental merchandise in services in the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period. Also contributing to the increase was the one-time bonus paid to our employees during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. These increases were partially offset by cash received of $13.0 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 from the settlement agreement with the lead contractor for the version of the CRM system with respect to which we recorded a $55.8 million impairment charge in fiscal 2017. Also partially offsetting the increases was $3.0 million from the settlement of environmental litigation in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

Cash Used in Investing Activities

The net increase in cash used in investing activities was due primarily to the acquisition of a Missouri-based industrial laundry business, which was completed in September 2019 for $38.8 million, using available cash on hand. Also contributing to the increase was an increase in capital expenditures of $10.1 million in the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period.

Cash Used in Financing Activities

The increase in cash used in financing activities was due primarily to our repurchase of an additional amount of approximately $7.9 million of Common Stock under our share repurchase program during the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the same period in the prior year. Also contributing to the increase was an increase in dividends paid of $2.5 million in the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 as compared to the prior year comparable period.

Long-Term Debt and Borrowing Capacity

We have a $250 million unsecured revolving credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of banks, which matures on April 11, 2021. Under the Credit Agreement, we are able to borrow funds at variable interest rates based on, at our election, the Eurodollar rate or a base rate, plus in each case a spread based on our consolidated funded debt ratio. Availability of credit requires compliance with certain financial and other covenants, including a maximum consolidated funded debt ratio and minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio as defined in the Credit Agreement. We test our compliance with these financial covenants on a fiscal quarterly basis. As of February 29, 2020, the interest rates applicable to our borrowings under the Credit Agreement would be calculated as LIBOR plus 75 basis points at the time of the respective borrowing. As of February 29, 2020, we had no outstanding borrowings and had outstanding letters of credit amounting to $70.8 million, leaving $179.2 million available for borrowing under the Credit Agreement.

As of February 29, 2020, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

In June 2018, we entered into twelve forward contracts to exchange CAD for U.S. dollars at fixed exchange rates in order to manage our exposure related to certain forecasted CAD denominated sales of one of our subsidiaries. The hedged transactions are specified as the first amount of CAD denominated revenues invoiced by one of our domestic subsidiaries each fiscal quarter, beginning in the third fiscal quarter of 2019 and continuing through the second fiscal quarter of 2022. In total, we will sell approximately 10.7 million CAD at an average Canadian-dollar exchange rate of 0.7814 over these quarterly periods. We concluded that the forward contracts met the criteria to qualify as a cash flow hedge under U.S. GAAP.

As of February 29, 2020, we had forward contracts with a notional value of approximately $7.1 million CAD outstanding and recorded the fair value of the contracts of $0.1 million in other long-term assets and $0.2 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets with a corresponding decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss of $0.2 million, which was recorded net of tax. During the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, we reclassified a nominal value and $0.1 million, respectively from accumulated other comprehensive income to revenue, related to the derivative financial instruments. The gain on these forward contracts that results in decrease to accumulated other comprehensive loss as of February 29, 2020 is expected to be reclassified to revenues prior to its maturity on February 25, 2022.

Commitments and Contingencies

We are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations governing, among other things, air emissions, wastewater discharges, and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes and other substances. In particular, industrial laundries currently use and must dispose of detergent waste water and other residues, and, in the past, used perchloroethylene and other dry cleaning solvents. We are attentive to the environmental concerns surrounding the disposal of these materials and have, through the years, taken measures to avoid their improper disposal. Over the years, we have settled, or contributed to the settlement of, actions or claims brought against us relating to the disposal of hazardous materials and there can be no assurance that we will not have to expend material amounts to remediate the consequences of any such disposal in the future.

U.S. GAAP requires that a liability for contingencies be recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine the existence of a liability, as well as the amount to be recorded. We regularly consult with attorneys and outside consultants in our consideration of the relevant facts and circumstances before recording a contingent liability. Changes in enacted laws, regulatory orders or decrees, our estimates of costs, risk-free interest rates, insurance proceeds, participation by other parties, the timing of payments, the input of our attorneys and outside consultants or other factual circumstances could have a material impact on the amounts recorded for our environmental and other contingent liabilities.

Under environmental laws, an owner or lessee of real estate may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances located on, or in, or emanating from such property, as well as related costs of investigation and property damage. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or lessee knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. There can be no assurances that acquired or leased locations have been operated in compliance with environmental laws and regulations or that future uses or conditions will not result in the imposition of liability upon our Company under such laws or expose our Company to third party actions such as tort suits. We continue to address environmental conditions under terms of consent orders negotiated with the applicable environmental authorities or otherwise with respect to sites located in or related to Woburn, Massachusetts, Somerville, Massachusetts, Springfield, Massachusetts, Uvalde, Texas, Stockton, California, two sites related to former operations in Williamstown, Vermont, as well as sites located in Goldsboro, North Carolina and Wilmington, North Carolina.

We have accrued certain costs related to the sites described above as it has been determined that the costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated. We have potential exposure related to a parcel of land (the “Central Area”) related to the Woburn, Massachusetts site mentioned above. Currently, the consent decree for the Woburn site does not define or require any remediation work in the Central Area. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) has provided us and other signatories to the consent decree with comments on the design and implementation of groundwater and soil remedies at the Woburn site and investigation of environmental conditions in the Central Area. We, and other signatories, have implemented and proposed to do additional work at the Woburn site but many of the EPA’s comments remain to be resolved. We have accrued costs to perform certain work responsive to the EPA’s comments. Additionally, we have implemented mitigation measures and continue to monitor environmental conditions at the Somerville, Massachusetts site. We have received and responded to a notice of audit findings from the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection concerning a regulatory submittal that we made in 2009 for a portion of the site. We have received demands from the local transit authority for reimbursement of certain costs associated with its construction of a new municipal transit station in the area of the Somerville site. This station is part of an ongoing extension of the transit system. We

have reserved for costs in connection with this matter; however, in light of the uncertainties associated with this matter, these costs and the related reserve may change.

We routinely review and evaluate sites that may require remediation and monitoring and determine our estimated costs based on various estimates and assumptions. These estimates are developed using our internal sources or by third party environmental engineers or other service providers. Internally developed estimates are based on:

•

Management’s judgment and experience in remediating and monitoring our sites;

•

Information available from regulatory agencies as to costs of remediation and monitoring;

•

The number, financial resources and relative degree of responsibility of other potentially responsible parties (“PRPs”) who may be liable for remediation and monitoring of a specific site; and

•

The typical allocation of costs among PRPs.

There is usually a range of reasonable estimates of the costs associated with each site. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, our accruals represent the amount within the range that we believe is the best estimate or the low end of a range of estimates if no point within the range is a better estimate. When we believe that both the amount of a particular liability and the timing of the payments are reliably determinable, we adjust the cost in current dollars using a rate of 3% for inflation until the time of expected payment and discount the cost to present value using current risk-free interest rates. As of February 29, 2020, the risk-free interest rates we utilized ranged from 1.1% to 1.7%.

For environmental liabilities that have been discounted, we include interest accretion, based on the effective interest method, in selling and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The changes to the amounts of our environmental liabilities for the twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

	February 29, 2020
Beginning balance as of August 31, 2019	$	27,718
Revisions in estimates		1,200
Costs incurred for which reserves have been provided		(627	)
Insurance proceeds		62
Interest accretion		269
Changes in discount rates		781
Balance as of February 29, 2020	$	29,403

Anticipated payments and insurance proceeds relating to currently identified environmental remediation liabilities as of February 29, 2020, for the next five fiscal years and thereafter, as measured in current dollars, are reflected below.

(In thousands)	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			Thereafter			Total
Estimated costs – current dollars	$	10,518		$	2,186		$	1,353		$	1,091		$	1,058		$	12,032		$	28,238
Estimated insurance proceeds		(97	)		(173	)		(159	)		(173	)		(159	)		(693	)		(1,454	)
Net anticipated costs	$	10,421		$	2,013		$	1,194		$	918		$	899		$	11,339		$	26,784
Effect of inflation																				7,522
Effect of discounting																				(4,903	)
Balance as of February 29, 2020																			$	29,403

Estimated insurance proceeds are primarily received from an annuity received as part of our legal settlement with an insurance company. Annual proceeds of approximately $0.3 million are deposited into an escrow account which funds remediation and monitoring costs for two sites related to our former operations in Williamstown, Vermont. Annual proceeds received but not expended in the current year accumulate in this account and may be used in future years for costs related to this site through the year 2027. As of February 29, 2020, the balance in this escrow account, which is held in a trust and is not recorded in our Consolidated Balance Sheet, was approximately $4.2 million. Also included in estimated insurance proceeds are amounts we are entitled to receive pursuant to legal settlements as reimbursements from three insurance companies for estimated costs at the site in Uvalde, Texas.

Our nuclear garment decontamination facilities are licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or, in certain cases, by the applicable state agency, and are subject to regulation by federal, state and local authorities. We also have nuclear garment decontamination facilities in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. These facilities are licensed and regulated by the respective

country’s applicable federal agency. There can be no assurance that such regulation will not lead to material disruptions in our garment decontamination business.

From time to time, we are also subject to legal proceedings and claims arising from the conduct of our business operations, including personal injury claims, customer contract matters, employment claims and environmental matters as described above.

While it is impossible for us to ascertain the ultimate legal and financial liability with respect to contingent liabilities, including lawsuits and environmental contingencies, we believe that the aggregate amount of such liabilities, if any, in excess of amounts covered by insurance have been properly accrued in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. It is possible, however, that the future financial position and/or results of operations for any particular future period could be materially affected by changes in our assumptions or strategies related to these contingencies or changes out of our control.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of February 29, 2020, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-K.

Effects of Inflation

In general, we believe that our results of operations are not dependent on moderate changes in the inflation rate. Historically, we have been able to manage the impacts of more significant changes in inflation rates through our customer relationships, customer agreements that generally provide for price increases consistent with the rate of inflation and continued focus on improvements of operational productivity.

Contractual Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments

As of February 29, 2020, there were no material changes to our contractual obligations that were disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2019.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2, “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on recently implemented and issued accounting standards.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

We have determined that all of our foreign subsidiaries operate primarily in local currencies that represent the functional currencies of such subsidiaries. All assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. The effects of exchange rate fluctuations on the translation of assets and liabilities are recorded as a component of shareholders’ equity. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during each month of the fiscal year. As such, our financial condition and operating results are affected by fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar as compared to currencies in foreign countries. Revenues denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar represented approximately 8.1% and 7.9% of total consolidated revenues for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, respectively. Total assets denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar represented approximately 6.9% of total consolidated assets as of February 29, 2020 and August 31, 2019, respectively. If exchange rates had increased or decreased by 10% from the actual rates in effect during the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, our revenues would have increased or decreased by approximately $3.7 million and $7.3 million respectively, and total assets as of February 29, 2020 would have increased or decreased by approximately $14.8 million.

In June 2018, we entered into twelve forward contracts to exchange CAD for U.S. dollars at fixed exchange rates in order to manage our exposure related to certain forecasted CAD denominated sales of one of our subsidiaries. The hedged transactions are specified as the first amount of CAD denominated revenues invoiced by one of our domestic subsidiaries each fiscal quarter, beginning in the third fiscal quarter of 2019 and continuing through the second fiscal quarter of 2022. In total, we will sell approximately 12.1 million CAD at an average Canadian-dollar exchange rate of 0.7814 over these quarterly periods. We concluded that the forward contracts met the criteria to qualify as a cash flow hedge under U.S. GAAP.

decrease to accumulated other comprehensive loss as of February 29, 2020 is expected to be reclassified to revenues prior to its maturity on February 25, 2022.

Other than the forward contracts, discussed above, we do not operate a hedging program to mitigate the effect of a significant change in the value of the functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries, which include the Canadian dollar, euro, British pound, Mexican peso and Nicaraguan cordoba, as compared to the U.S. dollar. Any losses or gains resulting from unhedged foreign currency transactions, including exchange rate fluctuations on intercompany accounts are reported as transaction losses (gains) in our other income, net. The intercompany payables and receivables are denominated in Canadian dollars, euros, British pounds, Mexican pesos and Nicaraguan cordobas. During the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, transaction losses of $0.2 million were included in other income. If exchange rates had increased or decreased by 10% during the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended February 29, 2020, we would have recognized exchange gains or losses of approximately $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that material information relating to the Company required to be disclosed by the Company in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurances of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in designing and evaluating the controls and procedures. We continue to review our disclosure controls and procedures, and our internal control over financial reporting, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we are subject to legal proceedings and claims arising from the current conduct of our business operations, including personal injury, customer contract, employment claims and environmental matters as described in our Consolidated Financial Statements. We maintain insurance coverage providing indemnification against many of such claims, and we do not expect that we will sustain any material loss as a result thereof. Refer to Note 12, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements, as well as Item 1A. Risk Factors below, for further discussion.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2019, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, and future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results. Except to the extent previously updated or to the extent additional factual information disclosed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relates to such risk factors (including, without limitation, the matters discussed in Part I, Item 2 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”), there have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2019, except as follows:

The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting adverse economic conditions have already adversely impacted our business and could have a more material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

An outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) has occurred in a number of countries, including the United States, Canada and the European countries in which we operate. National, state and local governments have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in a variety of ways, including, without limitation, by declaring states of emergency, restricting people from gathering in groups or interacting within a certain physical distance (i.e., social distancing), and in certain cases, ordering businesses to close or limit operations or people to stay at home. Although we have been permitted to continue to operate in all of the jurisdictions in which we operate, including in jurisdictions that have mandated the closure of certain businesses and we expect to be permitted to continue to be permitted to operate under any orders or other restrictions imposed by any government authorities in the future, there is no assurance that we will be permitted to operate under every future government order or other restriction and in every location. If we were to be subject to government orders or other restrictions on the operation of our business, we may be required to limit our operations at, or close, certain locations in the future. Any such limitations or closures could have a material adverse impact on our ability to service our customers and on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, any limitations on, or closures of, our manufacturing facilities in Mexico or Nicaragua, or our distribution center in Owensboro, Kentucky, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to manufacture products and service customers and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused certain disruptions to our business and operations and could cause material disruptions to our business and operations in the future as a result of, among other things, quarantines, worker absenteeism as a result of illness or other factors, social distancing measures and other travel, health-related, business or other restrictions. For similar reasons, the COVID-19 pandemic has also adversely impacted, and may continue to adversely impact, our suppliers and their manufacturers. Depending on the extent and duration of all of the above-described effects on our business and operations and the business and operations of our suppliers, our costs could increase, including our costs to address the health and safety of personnel, our ability to obtain products or services from suppliers may be adversely impacted, our ability to service certain customers could be adversely impacted and, as a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In addition, depending on the extent and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, we may be subject to significant increases in healthcare costs in the event that a significant number of our personnel become infected with COVID-19 and require medical treatment. As a result, any significant increases in healthcare claim costs as a result of COVID-19 or otherwise could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused, and may in the future continue to cause, disruptions, and in some cases severe disruptions, to the business and operations of our customers as a result of quarantines, worker absenteeism as a result of illness or other factors, social distancing measures and other travel, health-related, business or other restrictions. Certain of our customers have been, and may in the future be, required to close down or operate at a lower capacity, which has, as a result, adversely impacted our business and may in the future materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that any decrease in sales resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic will be offset by increased sales in the future.

The COVID-19 pandemic has also resulted in material adverse economic conditions that are impacting, and may continue to impact, our business and the businesses of our suppliers and customers. Some analysts have predicted that such material adverse economic conditions may result in a severe economic recession. Although the extent and duration of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and operations and the business and operations of our customers remain uncertain, the continued spread of COVID-19, the imposition of related public health measures and travel, health-related, business and other restrictions and the resulting materially adverse economic conditions may materially adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The COVID-19 pandemic has also resulted in severe disruption and volatility in the financial markets, and the market price of our Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) has declined dramatically. Depending on the extent and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, the price of our Common Stock on the NYSE may continue to experience volatility and declines.

As a result of our significant presence in energy producing regions, a prolonged drop in energy prices could negatively impact our financial results.

We have a substantial number of plants and conduct a significant portion of our business in energy producing regions in the U.S. and Canada. In general, we are relatively more dependent on business in these regions than are many of our competitors. For example, the dramatic decrease in oil prices beginning in 2014 directly affected our customers in the oil industry as they curtailed their level of operations, which had a corresponding effect on our customers in businesses which service or supply the oil industry as well as our customers in unrelated businesses located in areas which had benefited from the economic expansion generated by the robust growth driven by the higher oil prices in prior years. As a result, our organic growth in periods following this dramatic decrease in oil prices was negatively impacted by elevated headcount reductions in our wearer base as well as increased lost accounts. Recent trends indicate that the precipitous decline in energy prices will have a significant impact on wearer levels at existing customers in our North American energy-dependent markets. Our operating results are also directly impacted by the costs of the gasoline used to fuel our vehicles and the natural gas used to operate our plants. While it is difficult to quantify the positive and negative impacts on our financial results from changes in energy prices, we believe that the significant decrease in oil and natural gas prices that we are currently experiencing will have an overall negative impact on our business.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table provides information about repurchases of our equity securities during the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020:

	(a) Total Number of Shares of Stock Purchased(1)		(b) Average Price Paid per Share(1)		(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1)		(d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1)
December 1, 2019 - December 28, 2019		9,500	$	207.53		9,500	$	57,538,869
December 29, 2019 - January 25, 2020		8,000	$	207.60		8,000	$	55,878,052
January 26, 2020 - February 29, 2020		3,000	$	199.18		3,000	$	55,280,501
		20,500	$	206.34		20,500

(1)

On January 2, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase from time to time up to $100.0 million of our outstanding shares of common stock. Repurchases made under the program, if any, will be made in either the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will depend on a variety of factors, including economic and market conditions, the Company stock price, corporate liquidity requirements and priorities, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The share repurchase program has been funded using our available cash or capacity under our Credit Agreement and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

In the thirteen weeks ended February 29, 2020, we repurchased 20,500 shares for an average price per share of $206.34.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


31.1		Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Steven S. Sintros (filed herewith).

31.2		Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Shane O’Connor (filed herewith).

32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).

32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (filed herewith).
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (filed herewith).
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (filed herewith).
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (filed herewith).
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (filed herewith).
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101*) (filed herewith).

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		UniFirst Corporation

April 6, 2020	By:	/s/ Steven S. Sintros
		Steven S. Sintros
		President and Chief Executive Officer

April 6, 2020	By:	/s/ Shane O’Connor
		Shane O’Connor
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

unf-ex311_7.htm

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION

302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Steven S. Sintros, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of UniFirst Corporation;

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant, and have:

(a)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.	The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: April 6, 2020	By:	/s/ Steven S. Sintros
		Steven S. Sintros
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

unf-ex312_10.htm

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION

302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Shane O’Connor, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of UniFirst Corporation;

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

5.	The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)

(b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: April 6, 2020	By:	/s/ Shane O’Connor
		Shane O’Connor
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

unf-ex321_9.htm

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION

906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), I, Steven S. Sintros, President and Chief Executive Officer of UniFirst Corporation (the “Company”), and the Company’s Principal Executive Officer, do hereby certify, to the best of my knowledge, that:

(1)

The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended February 29, 2020 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Date: April 6, 2020	By:	/s/ Steven S. Sintros
		Steven S. Sintros
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

unf-ex322_11.htm

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION

906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), I, Shane O’Connor, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of UniFirst Corporation (the “Company”), do hereby certify, to the best of my knowledge, that:

(1)

(2)

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


Date: April 6, 2020	By:	/s/ Shane O’Connor
		Shane O’Connor
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)